Klinika Oczna

Abstract

3/2025 vol. 127
Review article

Etiology, diagnosis, and management of partially accommodative esotropia

  1. Orto-Optica Centrum Dobrego Widzenia, Kraków, Polska Katedra Okulistyki i Ortoptyki, Uniwersytet w Sheffield, Wielka Brytania; Orto-Optica Center for Good Vision, Krakow, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
KLINIKA OCZNA 2025, 127, 3: 108-113
Online publish date: 2025/09/04
View full text
Confronting perimenopausal women’s knowledge of coronary heart disease with their health behaviours. Controversial role of hormone replacement therapy in the protection of coronary heart disease
This paper presents an overview of partially accommodative esotro­pia focusing on its key characteristics, classification, and underlying mechanisms, primarily associated with uncorrected hyperopia and a high accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ra­tio. Diagnostic approaches, including refraction testing, visual acuity assessment, measurement of the angle of strabismus, prism adapta­tion testing, AC/A ratio evaluation, and binocular vision testing, are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of accurate spec­tacle correction, also with the use of bifocal lenses, in conservative treatment. Additionally, invasive options used in the management of partially accommodative esotropia, such as botulinum toxin injec­tions and strabismus surgery, are briefly explored.
Share
without publication fees
without publication fees