Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, leading to temporary muscle paresis. The aim of this paper is to present the applications of BTX in patients treated in strabology and neurology outpatient clinics, discuss its mechanism of action, and outline the benefits and limitations of this therapeutic method. The article reviews the pharmacokinetic properties of BTX, its historical background, its use in the management of specific disease entities, and the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of this treatment.